Non-Abrikosov Vortex and Topological Knot in Two-gap Superconductor

We establish the existence of topologically stable knot in two-gap superconductor whose topology $\pi_3(S^2)$ is fixed by the Chern-Simon index of the electromagnetic potential. We present a helical magnetic vortex solution in Ginzburg-Landau theory of two-gap superconductor which has a non-vanishing condensate at the core, and identify the knot as a twisted magnetic vortex ring made of the helical vortex. We discuss how the knot can be constructed in the recent two-gap $\rm MgB_2$ superconductor.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Water entry of a body which moves in more than six degrees of freedom

The water entry of a three-dimensional smooth body into initially calm water is examined. The body can move freely in its 6 d.f. and may also change its shape over time. During the early stage of penetration, the shape of the body is approximated by a surface of double curvature and the radii of curvature may vary over time. Hydrodynamic loads are calculated by the Wagner theory. It is shown that the water entry problem with arbitrary kinematics of the body motion, can be reduced to the vertical entry problem with a modified vertical displacement of the body and an elliptic region of contact between the liquid and the body surface. Low pressure occurrence is determined; this occurrence can precede the appearance of cavitation effects. Hydrodynamic forces are analysed for a rigid ellipsoid entering the water with 3 d.f. Experimental results with an oblique impact of elliptic paraboloid confirm the theoretical findings. The theoretical developments are detailed in this paper, while an application of the model is described in electronic supplementary materials

Interpretation of Jihad in the Qur`an

There are a lot of meanings given by the experts about jihad. In board outline,jihad means the war against the enemies, the exertion of every capability andevery power as well as the upholding of the truth. In the contemporary context,jihad means an intensive effort of one or a group for the public purpose that couldimprove a certain realm in a certain region, such as the elimination of terrorismand the abolition of poverty in Indonesia. The context of jihad in the Qur`anverses even one verse does not point deliberately to the war with the exception ofa country is colonized or it is under attack. It neither points to the violence nor theterrorism. The research of this article is intended to strengthen the meaning ofjihad due to various sorts of terrorism that happen in Indonesia, as a result of theinquiry and the case trial in court conducted to the perpetrators, they areoccasionally influenced with jihad doctrine and revenge versus forgiveness. Inanother part, the psychological indications such as frustration, disappointment,injustice, anger versus empathy are the factors that lead to their violent acts too.Unfortunately, the terrorism is propagated in various regions that are made asthe basic training camps. The research of this article depicts the meaning of Jihadbased on the Qur`an. The data for completing this work is based on the classicmanuscripts and the contemporary viewpoints. The research of this work is alsointended to stress on the denial of terrorism in the Qur`an. In academic value, theresearch of this work is expected to be useful to develop the contemporaryperspectives of jihad

|V_ub| and |V_cb|, Charm Counting and Lifetime Differences in Inclusive Bottom Hadron Decays

Inclusive bottom hadron decays are analyzed based on the heavy quark effective field theory (HQEFT). Special attentions in this paper are paid to the b\to u transitions and nonspectator effects. As a consequence, the CKM quark mixing matrix elements |V_ub| and |V_cb| are reliably extracted from the inclusive semileptonic decays B\to X_u e \nu and B\to X_c e \nu. Various observables, such as the semileptonic branch ratio B_SL, the lifetime differences among B^-, B^0, B_s and \Lambda_b hadrons, the charm counting n_c, are predicted and found to be consistent with the present experimental data.Comment: 20 pages, Revtex, 4 figures and 2 table

English Drama in the Late of Victorian Period (1880-1901): Realism in Drama Genre Revival

A progressive growth in literature was seen significantly during Victorian period. These decades also saw an overdue revival of drama, in which the existence of drama was started to improve when entering late of Victorian period. Along with that situation, Thomas William Robertson (1829-1871) emerged as a popular drama writer at that time besides the coming of Henrik Ibsen's works in 1880's. However, Robertson's popularity was defeated by other dramatists during late of Victorian period (1880-1901), drama writer like Oscar Wilde (1854-1900). Beside Wilde, there were several well known dramatists during late of Victorian period. Dramatists as Shaw, Jones, and Pinero were also influential toward the development of drama at that time. In the discussion of English drama development, role of late Victorian period's dramatists was really important toward the development of modern drama. Their works and efforts really influenced the triumph of realism and development of drama after Victorian period ended. Therefore, the development of drama during late of Victorian period is discussed in this particular writing, due to the important roles of dramatist such as Wilde, Shaw, Pinero, and Jones. Here, their roles to the revival of English drama and the trend of realism in the history of English literature are very important

Pairing and persistent currents - the role of the far levels

We calculate the orbital magnetic response to Aharonov Bohm flux of disordered metallic rings with attractive pairing interaction. We consider the reduced BCS model, and obtain the result as an expansion of its exact solution to first order in the interaction. We emphasize the connection between the large magnetic response and the finite occupation of high energy levels in the many-body ground state of the ring.Comment: 10 pages, contribution to MS+S200

Nonequilibrium chiral dynamics by the time dependent variational approach with squeezed states

We investigate the inhomogeneous chiral dynamics of the O(4) linear sigma model in 1+1 dimensions using the time dependent variational approach in the space spanned by the squeezed states. We compare two cases, with and without the Gaussian approximation for the Green's functions. We show that mode-mode correlation plays a decisive role in the out-of-equilibrium quantum dynamics of domain formation and squeezing of states.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. RevTex, version to appear in Phys. Rev. C. Rapid Communicatio